Onions (Allium cepa) are herbaceous biennial plants that grow underground bulbs and are part of the amaryllis family. They are likely native to southwestern Asia but are now grown worldwide, especially in temperate zones. Onions are one of the oldest and hardiest garden vegetables and are widely cultivated in Europe, where they produce almost 47 million tons annually.
Onions have roots, a stem, and leaves, and most of the plant is hidden in the soil. The bulbs can vary in size, shape, color, and flavor, ranging from less than 1 inch to more than 4.5 inches across and typically being round or slightly flattened. They can be white, yellow, or red.
Onions are known for their distinct flavor and pungency, which come from sulfur compounds in the oil they contain. When an onion is cut, the oil mixes with tears in the eyes, causing them to water. Onions are low in nutrients but are widely used in cooking to add flavor to dishes like stews, roasts, soups, and salads. They can also be served as a cooked vegetable.
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