Lemons are oval-shaped citrus fruits with smooth, porous skin that can range in color from greenish yellow to bright yellow. They have a thick rind, juicy, sour pulp, and a distinctive fresh scent. Lemons are rich in citric acid, which gives them their sour taste and makes them a key ingredient in many drinks and foods, such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie. The rind of a lemon also has a bitter, floral, and oily taste that’s often used to create a more complex flavor in beverages.
Lemons are also a great source of vitamin C and fiber, and contain many plant compounds, minerals, and essential oils. Eating lemons may have many potential health benefits, such as lowering the risk of heart disease, cancer, and kidney stones.
Lemons come from the flowering plant family Rutaceae and their scientific name is Citrus limon. The lemon plant itself is a small, spiny, semitropical evergreen citrus tree that can grow to be 10–20 feet tall if left unpruned. Its young oval leaves have a reddish tint that turns green as they mature, and some varieties have sharp thorns on their young branches.
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